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Definisi:
Pola dua kejadian yang dihubungkan oleh conjunction
(menunjukkan waktu). Contoh:
Diana sedang mandi ketika ibunya memanggilnya.
Ada dua kejadian, yakni Diana mandi (kejadian 1) dan Ibu
memanggil (kejadian 2).
Tenses dalam K2K:
Event I
|
Event II
|
Example
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Present
|
Present
|
Sam sleeps while he snores.
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Past
|
Past
|
Sam slept while he snored.
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Future
|
Present
|
Sam will sleep while he snores. (K2K in future setelah
conjunction harus bertemu dengan present).
|
Present continuous
|
Simple present
|
Pipik is teaching when Munir calls her.
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Past continuous
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Simple past
|
Pipik was teaching when Munir called her.
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Future continuous
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Simple present
|
Pipik will be teaching them when Munir calls her.
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POLA K2K (Bersamaan, Berurutan dan Berpotongan)
1. BERSAMAAN
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Menggunakan “While”:
- Bermakna “sambil” jika subyek 1 = subyek 2
- Bermakna “sementara” jika subyek 1 ≠ subyek 2
Rumus Long Term:
- Simple … K1
- Simple … K2
Rumus Short Term:
- … continuous K1
- … continuous K2
Contoh: (long term) dan (short term)
- Sam sleeps while he snores every night.
- I ate while Adi was watching TV yesterday evening.
- Cathrine is sweeping while she is singing.
2. BERURUTAN
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Menggunakan “after” dan “before”.
K1 selesai, muncul K2
Conjunction + K1
- After
- As soon as (selekas)
- once (sekali)
- Every time
- When (ever)
Conjunction + K2
- Before
- Until/till
- When (hingga)
- by the time (ketika)
KINDS:
- Tanpa jeda (K1= Simple … K2= Simple …)
Contoh: Sebelum kamu datang, aku mandi.
- Berjeda (K1 … perfect K2 Simple …) Contoh:
Before you come, I take a bath.
Before you come, I have taken a bath.
When I opened the window last night, I saw the stars.
I will have finished my duty before I go out on a date
tonight.
After Munir has taken a bath, he goes to study.
- Berdurasi (K1 … present continuous K2 simple …) Contoh:
After I have been teaching for 2 hours, I go home.
3. BERPOTONGAN
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Menggunakan “while” dan “when” (yang boleh
diikuti K1 dan K2) serta “as” (hanya diikuti K1).
Pola penggunaan While, When dan As tanpa durasi:
K1 … continuous
K2 … simple
Contoh:
- Ketika aku mandi, kamu pergi kemarin. à When I was taking a
bath, you went yesterday.
- Kamu pergi ketika aku mandi selama 10 menit. à You go when I have
been taking a bath for 10 minutes.
- Yesterday, Roberto was sleeping when I visited him.
- Yesterday, as I was sitting on the chair for 5 minutes,
the bell rang.
Pola penggunaan While, When dan As berdurasi:
K1 … Perfect continuous
K2 … simple …
Contoh:
- Pipik is taking a bath when Fitri comes.
- As Pipik was taking a bath, Fitri come.
PERINGKASAN DALAM K2K
Pola peringkasan yang digunakan:
1. Abridgement (pola peringkasan dengan menghilangkan
subject dan mengubah verb). Contoh:
I eat before I drink à
I eat before drinking.
2. Reducing (pola peringkasan dengan menghilangkan
conjunction, subyek dan mengubah verb) Contoh:
Drinking, I eat.
EXPLANATION:
- Syarat Abridgement dan Reducing:
a. Subject main clause dan sub clause sama
b. Tidak terdapat modal di sub clause.
Pola:
Abrid à
conj + S + V à
Conj + V-ing
Red à
conj + S + V à
V-ing
c. Posisi:
abridgement di initial and final
Reducing di initial saja.
d. Hasil abridgement:
- Verbal: conj + S + V à
conj + V-ing
- nominal: conj + S + V + SC à
conj + being + ANA or SC
- Passive: conj + S + be + V3 à
conj + being + V3
- Perfect: conj + S + have + V3 à Conj + have + ing + V3
- Perfect Continuous: conj + S + have + been + V-ing à Conj + having been +
V3
HASIL REDUCING
- Verbal: conj + S + V à
V-ing
- nominal: conj + S + V + SC à
being + ANA or SC
- Passive: conj + S + be + V3 à
being + V3
- Perfect: conj + S + have + V3 à have + ing + V3
- Perfect Continuous: conj + S + have + been + V-ing à having been + V3
Note: Untuk melihat STEP BY STEP ENGLISH secara keseluruhan, Sumber Referensi dan Prolog, KLIK DI SINI
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