Chapter 8: Pronoun (Kata Ganti)

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Kinds Of The Part Of Speech:

2. Pronoun

Pronoun adalah kata yang digunakan untuk menggantikan noun. Noun yang digantikan disebut “antecadent” atau “reference (rujukan)”

e.g:

Bob bought a new motorcycle yesterday. He rode it this morning.

Keterangan:

“Bob” adalah antecadent dari “He” dan

“a new motorcycle” adalah antecedent dari “it”.

KINDS OF PRONOUN:

1. Personal Pronoun

2. Reflexive Pronoun

3. Reciprocal Pronoun

4. Demonstrative Pronoun

5. Indefinite Pronoun

6. Interrogative Pronoun

7. Relative Pronoun

Mari bahas satu per satu:

1. Personal Pronoun (Kata Ganti Diri)

- The first person à I (singular) dan us (plural)

- The second person à You (singular) dan you (plural)

- The third person à He, she, it (singular) dan They (plural)

Personal (subject)	Personal (object)	Possessive Adjective	Possessive Pronoun	Reflexive Pronoun
I	Me	My + noun	Mine	Myself
You	You	Your + noun	Yours	Yourself/selves
We	Us	Our + noun	Ours	Ourselves
They	Them	Their + noun	Theirs	Themselves
He	Him	His + noun	His	Himself
She	Her	Her + noun	Hers	Herself
It	It	Its + noun	-	Itself

Note: personal pronoun akan berubah sesuai posisinya.

2. Reflexive Pronoun

Adalah kata ganti yang merujuk pada diri sendiri.

Function:

- As emphasize (penekanan) -

Example:

I myself do my homework.

atau

I do my homework myself.

- As object -

Example:

Tommy see himself in the water.

atau

Maria always thinks about herself

- As Adverb –

Example:

She stays at home by herself.

atau

She stays at home alone.

3. Reciprocal Pronoun

adalah kata ganti yang menunjukkan interaksi “saling”.

- “Each Other” digunakan untuk berinteraksi antara dua orang. Contoh: Pipik and Munit love each other.

- “One Another” digunakan untuk berinteraksi lebih dari dua orang. Contoh: The students help one another.

4. Demonstrative Pronoun

adalah kata tunjuk yang difungsikan sekagai KATA GANTI yang menggantikan NOUN. Jenisnya:

Singular: This/That

Plural: These/Those

Note:

Perbedaan demonstrative adjective dan demonstrative pronoun:

Demonstrative Adjective	Demonstrative Pronoun
Menjelaskan noun	Menggantikan noun
Pola: demon Adj + noun	Pola: demon pron + x noun x
e.g: This book is expensive.	e.g. This is expensive.

5. Indefinite Pronoun

Adalah kata ganti untuk noun yang tidak jelas.

Kinds:

	-body	-one	-thing
Some	Somebody (seseorang)	Someone (seseorang)	Something (sesuatu)
Every	Everybody (setiap orang)	Everyone (setiap orang)	Everything (segala sesuatu)
Any	Anybody (seorang pun)	Anyone (seorang pun)	Anything (suatu pun)
No	Nobody (tak seorang pun)	Noone (tak seorang pun)	Nothing (tak suatu pun)

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Notes:

- Indefinite person/thing dianggap singular sehingga diikuti singular verb.

Contoh:

Someone is singing.

Nobody is perfect.

Everything is ok

Everybody looks for me.

- Personal pronoun untuk indefinite person/thing adalah:

a. Indefinite thing (it). Contoh:

Something is happening.

It is an accident.

It is alright.

b. Indefinite person (he/they). Mengapa “he”, sebab laki-laki bisa menggantikan perempuan, sedangkan perempuan tidak bisa menggantikan laki-laki. Contoh:

Somebody left his book (formal).

Somebody left their book (informal).

Everything is alright. à he is alright.

- Indefinite Quantity:

Anggotanya:

All

Both

Some

Several

Much

Many

Little

Few

Erc.

Contoh: I have many books. Some are English book.

6. Interrogative Pronoun

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Yakni kata ganti noun yang juga difungsikan sebagai kata tanya yang menanyakan “noun”.

Jenisnya:

Who

Whom

What

Whose

Which.

Contoh: Diana is reading a book.

a. Jika menanyakan “Diana”: Who is reading a book? (Who berfungsi sebagai question word dan kata ganti untuk Diana).

b. Jika menanyakan “a book”: What is Diana Reading? (What berfungsi sebagai question word dan kata ganti untuk Book).

Another example:

Munir has stayed here.

Who has stayed here?

Munir calls Pipik every night.

Whom does Munir call up every night?

7. Relative Pronoun

Yakni kata ganti noun yang juga difungsikan sebagai conjunction dalam rangkaian kata adj. clause (conjunction ini bermakna “yang”). Anggotanya: Who, Whom, That, Which.

Contoh:

Seorang gadis yang duduk di sana itu temanku.

A girl who sits there is my friend.

Another Example:

A girl whom Munir looks for is Pipik.

A girl who I know is sitting in the office.

A crocodile which is sitting beside Pipik is Munir.